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Home / what does it mean to say that the governor is a figurehead? choose the best answer.

what does it mean to say that the governor is a figurehead? choose the best answer.

Master officer of the executive branch of a government

The head of government is either the highest or the 2d-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a cocky-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments. "Head of government" is ofttimes differentiated from "head of state" (as in article 7 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, article ane of the Convention on the Prevention and Penalisation of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents and the United Nations protocol list),[ane] [2] [3] as they may be split up positions, individuals, or roles depending on the country.

The authority of a head of government, such as a president, chancellor, or prime government minister and the human relationship between that position and other state institutions, such as the relation between the head of country and of the legislature, varies greatly among sovereign states, depending largely on the detail arrangement of the authorities that has been chosen, won, or evolved over time.

In nigh parliamentary systems, including ramble monarchies, the caput of government is the de facto politician of the government, and is answerable to at least one chamber of the legislature. Although at that place is oftentimes a formal reporting human relationship to a head of state, the latter usually acts as a figurehead who may take the role of master executive on limited occasions, either when receiving ramble advice from the head of government or under specific provisions in a constitution.[4]

In presidential republics or in absolute monarchies, the caput of state is also usually the head of regime. The relationship between that leader and the authorities, however, can vary greatly, ranging from separation of powers to autocracy, co-ordinate to the constitution (or other bones laws) of the particular state.

In semi-presidential systems, the head of government may answer to both the caput of state and the legislature with the specifics provided by each state's constitution. A modern instance is the present French government, which originated every bit the French Fifth Commonwealth in 1958. In France, the president, the head of land, appoints the prime number minister, who is the head of government. Yet, the president must choose someone who can act effectively as an executive, but who also enjoys the back up of France's legislature, the National Assembly, to be able to pass legislation. In some cases, the head of land may represent i political political party but the majority in the National Associates is of a different party. Given that the bulk political party has greater control over country funding and principal legislation, the president is in consequence forced to choose a prime number minister from the opposition party to ensure an effective, operation legislature. In this case, known as cohabitation, the prime minister, forth with the cabinet, controls domestic policy, with the president'due south influence largely restricted to strange affairs.

In directorial systems, the executive responsibilities of the head of government are spread among a group of people. A prominent example is the Swiss Federal Quango, where each member of the council heads a department and also votes on proposals relating to all departments.

Titles of respective heads of government

A mutual title for many heads of government is prime minister. This is used as a formal championship in many states, just may also be an informal generic term to refer to whichever office is considered the primary minister under an otherwise styled head of state, as minister — Latin for servants or subordinates — is a common title for members of a government (but many other titles are in apply, eastward.g. chancellor and secretary of state). Formally the head of state tin likewise be the head of government as well (ex officio or by advertisement hoc cumulation, such as a ruling monarch exercising all powers himself) but otherwise has formal precedence over the Caput of Government and other ministers, whether he is their bodily political superior (ruling monarch, executive president) or rather theoretical or formalism in character (constitutional monarch, non-executive president). Various constitutions use unlike titles, and even the same title tin take diverse multiple meanings, depending on the ramble order and political arrangement of the state in question.

As political chief

In addition to prime number minister, titles used for the democratic model, where there is an elected legislative body checking the caput of regime, include the post-obit. Some of these titles relate to governments below the national level (eastward.m. states or provinces).

Culling English language terms and renderings

  • Chancellor (primarily in German-speaking countries; today used in Frg and Republic of austria)
  • Chief Minister (oftentimes subnational)
  • Primary Executive (frequently subnational)
  • First Minister (ofttimes subnational)
  • Minister-President
  • Premier (from French premier ministre)
  • President of the Quango of Ministers
  • President of the Council of State
  • President of the Executive Council
  • President of the Regime
  • Land Counsellor (used exclusively in Myanmar)
  • State President (used exclusively in S Africa)

Equivalent titles in other languages

  • Albanian: Kryeministër
  • Bengali: For the Prime Minister of Bangladesh প্রধানমন্ত্রী/Pradhan Mantri (official); সরকার প্রধান/Sarkar Pradhan (lit: Caput of the Government, informal); সংসদ নেতা/Sangsad Neta (lit: Leader of the parliament; just in parliament)
  • Basque:
    • Leader of the Basque Country (Spain): Eusko Jaurlaritzako lehendakaria (literally, 'President of the Basque Authorities')
    • Leader of Navarre (Spain): Nafarroako Gobernuko lehendakaria (literally, 'President of the Authorities of Navarra')
    • president, generically: Lehendakari
  • Bulgarian: Министър-председател (transliteration: Ministar-predsedatel, literally 'Government minister President')
  • Catalan:
    • For Andorra: Cap de Govern del Principat d'Andorra (literally: 'Head of Authorities of the Andorra')
    • For the Balearic Islands (Spain): President/-a del Govern Balear
    • For Catalonia (Spain): President/-a de la Generalitat de Catalunya (literally: 'President of the Generalitat of Catalonia')
    • For Valencia (Espana): President/-a de la Generalitat Valenciana (literally: 'President of the Valencian Generalitat')
    • The terms 'head of government' and 'prime minister', generically: cap de govern and primer ministre or primera ministra, respectively
  • Chinese:
    • For the Premier of Red china: 总理 (zǒnglǐ)
  • Czech: Předseda vlády (literally: 'Chairman of the Regime')
  • Danish: Statsminister (literally: 'Minister of the State')
  • Dutch:
    • For the head of authorities of kingdom of the netherlands: Government minister-President, Eerste Minister (literally, 'Start Minister') or Premier
    • For the caput of government of Kingdom of belgium, and as the term 'prime minister' generically: Eerste Minister or Premier
  • Estonian: Peaminister
  • Finnish: Pääministeri
  • Filipino
    • For the head of land and government (President) of the Philippines: Pangulo ng Pilipinas
  • French:
    • For France, Kingdom of belgium and Canada: Prime number Minister of France; Prime number Minister of Belgium; Prime number Government minister of Canada: Premier Ministre or Première Ministre, besides every bit the term 'prime minister' generically.
    • For Switzerland: Conseil Fédéral (literally, the 'Federal Council', considered the head of government as a group)
  • Galician (Spain): Presidente/-a da Xunta de Galicia (literally, 'President of the Council of Galicia')
  • German:
    • For Germany and Republic of austria: Chancellor of Germany; Chancellor of Austria: Bundeskanzler (masc.) / Bundeskanzlerin (fem.)
    • For Switzerland: Schweizerischer Bundesrat (literally, the 'Swiss Federal Council', considered the head of government as a grouping)
    • The term 'head of government,' generically: Regierungschef/-in
    • The term 'prime number government minister,' generically: Ministerpräsident/-in; or Premierminister/-in
    • historically: Leitender Minister ('Senior Minister')
  • Greek: Πρωθυπουργός (transliteration: Prothipourgos)
  • Hebrew: ראש הממשלה (transliteration: Rosh HaMemshala)
  • Hindi/Hindustani/Urdu:
    • The term 'head of authorities', generically: शासनप्रमुख (translit. Śāsanapramukha), literally:'Chief of government'
    • The term 'Prime Minister', generically: प्रधानमन्त्री (translit. Pradhānamantrī), literally:'Chief of Ministers/Prime Minister'
    • The other Hindustani term generically used for 'Prime Government minister'(now used officially only in Pakistan with Urdu as official language) : वज़ीर-ए-आज़म/وزیر اعظم (translit. Wazīr-ē-Āzam), lit.:'Thou Vizier/Prime Government minister'

    • For 'Prime Government minister of India' : भारतीय प्रधानमन्त्री/भारत के प्रधानमन्त्री (translit. Bhāratiya Pradhānamantrī/Bhārat Kē Pradhānamantrī), translation:'Indian Prime number Minister/Prime number Government minister of Republic of india'(this term is used by the Regime of the Union and the Land Governments of Republic of india, nether the umbrella of "Hindi Language");
    • For 'Prime Minister of Pakistan': وزیر اعظم پاکستان/پاکستان کے وزیر اعظم (translit. Wazīr-ē-Āzam Pākistān/Pākistān Kē Wazīr-ē-Āzam), This is the term used in India and Pakistan under the umbrella of Urdu, the Hindi term existence, पाकिस्तानी प्रधानमन्त्री/पाकिस्तान के प्रधानमन्त्री (translit.Pākistānī Pradhānamantrī/Pākistān Kē Pradhānamantrī)
    • Historically, various terms like Pradhānamantrī, Pradhān, Pantapradhān, Sadr-ē-Riyāsat, Sadr, Wazīr-ē-Āzam, Wazīr-ē-Ālā, Mahāmantrī, Wazīr-ē-Khazānā, Pēśwā, Dīwān, Dīwān Sāhib, Dīwān Bahādur, Dīwān Pramukh, Sadr-ul-Maham, Pantapramukh, Ālāmantrī, etc. have been used by various Empires, Kingdoms and Princely States of India as a title for the Prime number Minister, some of these titles were also used past the sovereign of various kingdoms.
  • Hungarian: Miniszterelnök
  • Irish: Leader of Republic of ireland: Taoiseach
  • Italian:
    • For the head of government of Italy: Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri della Repubblica Italiana (literally, 'President of the Council of Ministers of the Italian Commonwealth')
    • When referring to other prime ministers: Primo ministro or Prima ministra (masculine and feminine forms; literally 'prime number minister')
    • For Switzerland: Consiglio Federale (literally, the 'Federal Council', considered the head of government as a group)
  • Japanese:
    • For the caput of regime of Nihon (Prime number Minister): 首相 (Shushō)
  • Khmer:
    • For the Prime Minister of Cambodia: នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី (Neayuk rothmontrey)
  • Korean:
    • For the President of South korea: Daetongryung [five]
    • For the Prime Minister of South Korea: Chongni(총리) or Gukmu Chonhni(국무총리)
  • Latvian:
    • For the head of authorities of Republic of latvia: Ministru prezidents (literally, 'Minister President')
    • When referring to other prime ministers: Premjerministrs
  • Lithuanian: Ministras pirmininkas
  • Malay: In Malaysia, the head of government of the constituent states are expressed in the Malay linguistic communication (either Ketua Menteri, "chief government minister" in the Malaysian states without a monarchy (Malacca, Penang, Sabah and Sarawak), or Menteri Besar "first minister" in the sultanates and other monarchic states).
  • Maltese: In Malta, the caput of government is "Prim Ministru".
  • Māori: Pirimia,[6] (literally, 'Premier', the sometime title for the Prime Minister of New Zealand.)
  • Norwegian: Statsminister
  • Smooth:
    • For the caput of government of Poland: Prezes Rady Ministrów ('President of Quango of Ministers', literally: 'Chairman of the Quango of Ministers')
    • For the term 'prime government minister' in general: Premier (also, informally, to the head of government of Poland)
  • Portuguese:
    • For Brazil: Presidente/-a da República Federativa do Brasil (literally, 'President of the Federal Republic of Brazil')
    • For Portugal and as the term 'prime minister' in full general: Primeiro-ministro or Primeira-ministra (masculine and feminine forms, literally 'prime government minister' or 'start government minister')
  • Romanaian: Prim-ministru
  • Russian: Prem'yer-ministr
  • Sinhalese: ශ්‍රී ලංකා අග්‍රාමාත්‍ය Shri Lanka Agramathya (literally: 'Sri Lanka Prime number Government minister')
  • Slovak: Predseda vlády (literally: 'Chairman of the Authorities')
  • Slovenian: Predsednik Vlade (literally: 'Chairman of the Regime')
  • Spanish:
    • For the head of regime of Spain: Presidente/-a del gobierno de España (literally: 'President of the Government')
    • When referring to other prime number ministers: Primer ministro or Primera Ministra (masculine and feminine forms; literally 'prime minister')
    • The term 'head of government', generically: jefe del gobierno
  • Swahili: Sultan
  • Swedish: Statsminister ("prime minister", literally: "state government minister")
  • Thai:
    • For the head of regime (Prime Minister) of Thailand: Nayok rathamontri
  • Turkish: Başbakan

Under a ascendant head of state

In a broader sense, a caput of government can be used loosely when referring to various comparable positions under a dominant head of state (particularly is the instance of aboriginal or feudal eras, so the term "head of regime", in this instance, could be considered a contradiction in terms). In this instance, the prime minister serves at the pleasure of the monarch and holds no more power than the monarch allows. Some such titles are diwan, mahamantri, pradhan, wasir or vizier.

Withal, just because the head of state is the de jure dominant position does not mean that he/she will not always be the de facto politician. A skilled head of government like 19th-century German statesman Otto von Bismarck, Minister President of Prussia and later on Chancellor of Germany under Emperor/King Wilhelm I, serves as an example showing that possession of formal powers does not equal political influence.

Indirectly referred every bit the head of state

In some cases, the head of land is a figurehead whilst the head of the government leads the ruling party. In some cases a head of government may even laissez passer on the championship in hereditary fashion. Such titles include the post-obit:

  • Mayor of the palace of the Merovingian kingdoms
  • Nawab wasir of the Mughal Empire (also governor of Awadh)
  • Peshwa of Satara and the Maratha empire
  • Shōgun in feudal Japan
  • Sultan in the original case of the Seljuk Turks who made the caliphs of Baghdad their puppets; later both styles were often used for absolute rulers in Nepal

Combined heads of land and government

In some models the caput of state and caput of government are one and the aforementioned. These include:

  • President (chief executive)
  • An absolute monarch reigning and ruling without a separate master minister
  • Chief magistrate
  • Führer (used in Nazi Germany for Adolf Hitler)
  • Supreme leader
  • A State Governor in the United States (subnational executives)

An alternative formula is a single chief political body (east.1000., presidium) which collectively leads the government and provides (e.g. past turns) the ceremonial Caput of state. The just state in which this system is currently employed is Switzerland but other countries such equally Uruguay have employed it in the by. This system is described as the directorial system.

  • Sultan of Brunei
  • Male monarch of Saudi Arabia

See Head of country for further explanation of these cases.

Parliamentary heads of government

In parliamentary systems, government functions along the following lines:

  • The caput of authorities — unremarkably the leader of the majority political party or coalition — forms the government, which is answerable to parliament;
  • Full answerability of regime to parliament is accomplished through
    • The ability of parliament to pass a vote of no confidence.
    • The ability to vote down legislative proposals of the authorities.
    • Control over or ability to vote down fiscal measures and the budget (or supply); a government is powerless without command of the state finances. In a bicameral organisation, information technology is ofttimes the and then-chosen lower house (e.g. the British House of Commons) that exercises the major elements of control and oversight; however, in some (e.one thousand. Australia, Italy), the authorities is constitutionally or past convention accountable to both chambers/Houses of Parliament.

All of these requirements direct impact the Head of government's role. Consequently, they oft play a 'day to day' role in parliament, answering questions and defending the government on the 'floor of the House', while in semi-presidential systems they may non be required to play every bit much of a role in the performance of parliament.

Appointment

In many countries, the Head of authorities is commissioned past the Head of state to grade a regime, on the ground of the strength of party back up in the lower house; in some other states, he or she is directly elected by parliament. Many parliamentary systems require ministers to serve in parliament, while others ban ministers from sitting in parliament (they must resign on condign ministers).

Removal

Heads of regime are typically removed from power in a parliamentary system by

  • Resignation, following:
    • Defeat in a general election.
    • Defeat in a leadership vote at their party caucus, to be replaced by another member of the same party.
    • Defeat in a parliamentary vote on a major issue, e.g., loss of supply, loss of confidence. (In such cases, a head of authorities may seek a parliamentary dissolution from the Head of state and endeavour to regain support by popular vote.)
  • Dismissal — some constitutions permit a Head of state (or their designated representative, as is the case in some Commonwealth countries) to dismiss a Head of regime, though its utilise can be controversial, equally occurred in 1975 when so Australian Governor-General, Sir John Kerr, dismissed Prime Minister Gough Whitlam in the Australian Constitutional Crunch.
  • Expiry — in this case, the deputy Head of regime typically acts as the head of government until a new caput of government is appointed.

First among equals or dominating the cabinet?

Constitutions differ in the range and scope of powers granted to the head of government. Some older constitutions; for example, Australia's 1900 text, and Kingdom of belgium's 1830 text; exercise not mention their prime ministerial offices at all, the offices became a de facto political reality without a formal constitutional status. Some constitutions make a Prime Minister primus inter pares (first among equals) and that remains the practical reality for the Prime Minister of Belgium and the Prime Minister of Finland. Other states notwithstanding, brand their head of government a fundamental and dominant effigy within the cabinet system; Ireland's Taoiseach, for example, alone can decide when to seek a parliamentary dissolution, in contrast to other countries where this is a chiffonier decision, with the Prime Government minister merely one fellow member voting on the suggestion. In State of israel, while the Regime is nominally a collegiate body with a primus inter pares part for the Prime number Government minister, the Israeli Prime Government minister is the dominant figure in the executive branch in practice.[7] The Prime Minister of Sweden, under the 1974 Instrument of Government, is a ramble role with all cardinal executive powers either directly at his or her disposal or indirectly through the collegial Government, whose members are all appointed and dismissed at the Prime number Minister's sole discretion.

Under the unwritten British constitution, the prime minister's office has evolved, based often on the private'southward personal appeal and forcefulness of character, as contrasted between, for instance, Winston Churchill every bit against Clement Attlee, Margaret Thatcher as against John Major. It is alleged that the increased personalisation of leadership in a number of states has led to heads of regime becoming themselves "semi-presidential" figures, due in part to media coverage of politics that focuses on the leader and his or her mandate, rather than on parliament; and to the increasing centralisation of power in the easily of the head of regime. Such allegations take been made confronting two contempo British Prime number ministers: Margaret Thatcher and Tony Blair. They were also made confronting Italian prime ministers Silvio Berlusconi and Matteo Renzi, Canadian prime minister Pierre Trudeau and Federal Chancellor of West Deutschland (later all of Deutschland), Helmut Kohl, when in power.

Official residence

The caput of government is oft provided with an official residence, often in the same fashion as heads of state oft are. The name of the residence is oftentimes used equally a metonym or culling title for 'the government' when the office is politically the highest, e.grand. in the UK "Downing Street announced today…"

Well-known official residences of heads of authorities include:

  • ten Downing Street in London — Prime number Government minister of the Britain (who also has a country residence, Chequers)
  • The Lodge in Canberra — Prime Government minister of Commonwealth of australia (with an additional residence, Kirribilli House, in Sydney)
  • 24 Sussex Bulldoze in Ottawa — Prime Minister of Canada (who as well has a country residence, Harrington Lake)
  • Premier Business firm in Wellington — Prime Minister of New Zealand
  • 7, Lok Kalyan Marg in New Delhi — Prime Minister of India
  • Catshuis in The Hague — Prime Minister of kingdom of the netherlands
  • Ballhausplatz in Vienna — Chancellor of Austria
  • Zhongnanhai in Beijing — Premier of the People's Republic of China
  • Kantei in Tokyo — Prime Minister of Japan
  • Kramář's Villa in Prague — Prime Minister of the Czech Commonwealth
  • Chigi Palace in Rome — Prime Government minister of Italy
  • Hôtel Matignon[note 1] in Paris— Prime Government minister of France
  • Villa Parkowa in Warsaw— Prime number Government minister of Poland
  • Federal Chancellery in Berlin — Chancellor of Germany
  • The Lambermont in Brussels — Prime number Minister of Belgium
  • Palacio de la Moncloa in Madrid — President of the Government of Espana
  • Palacete de São Bento in Lisbon — Prime number Government minister of Portugal
  • Kesäranta in Helsinki — Prime Minister of Finland
  • Sager House in Stockholm — Prime number Minister of Sweden (who also has a country residence, Harpsund)
  • Grand Kremlin Palace in Moscow — Prime Minister of Russia

Similarly, heads of government of federal entities beneath the level of the sovereign state (oft without an actual head of state, at least under international law) may also be given an official residence, sometimes used as an opportunity to display aspirations of statehood:

  • Hotel Errera in Brussels — Minister-President of the Flemish customs and region
  • Bavarian Land Chancellery – Minister-President of the State of Bavaria
  • Élysette in Namur — Minister-President of Wallonia
  • Bute House, Edinburgh; Starting time Minister of Scotland
  • Hesse State Chancellery, Wiesbaden; Government minister-President of the State of Hesse
  • Kazan Kremlin, Kazan – President of Tatarstan
  • Authorities Business firm, Hong Kong – Master Executive of Hong Kong
  • Macau Government Headquarters – Chief Executive of Macau
  • Red City Hall – Governing Mayor of Berlin
  • Quinta Vigia – President of the Regional Government of Madeira

Usually, the residence of the heads of government is non every bit prestigious and grand as that of the caput of country, even if the head of state simply performs formalism duties. Even the formal representative of the caput of state, such as a governor-general, may well be housed in a grander, palace-type residence. However, this is not the case when both positions are combined into i:

  • The White House (1600 Pennsylvania Avenue) in Washington, D.C. — President of the United States of America
  • The Blue Business firm (one Sejongno Jongno-gu) in Seoul — President of South Korea
  • Istana Nurul Iman in Bandar Seri Begawan — Sultan of Brunei
  • Palácio da Alvorada in Brasília — President of the Federative Commonwealth of Brazil

Statistics

  • World's longest serving unelected head of government: Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain from 1971 to 2020 (l years, 315 days).[8]
  • Globe'south longest serving monarchical head of government: Tage Erlander, Prime Minister of Sweden from 1946 to 1969 (23 years, 3 days).
  • World'southward longest serving republican caput of government: Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore from 1959 to 1990 (31 years, 178 days).

See likewise

  • Head of country
  • Government
  • Listing of current heads of state and government
  • List of current prime number ministers by date of assumption of part
  • European Council
  • Monarchy of the United kingdom
  • Master executive officeholder and Chief operating officer
  • Ability behind the throne
  • Éminence grise
  • Air transports of heads of state and government
  • Official Portraits (book)
  • Globe Leaders

Notes

  1. ^ Not to exist dislocated with a hotel, as a thousand palace is chosen a hôtel in French.

References

Citations

  1. ^ HEADS OF STATE, HEADS OF GOVERNMENT, MINISTERS FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS Archived 27 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Protocol and Liaison Service, United Nations (19 Oct 2012). Retrieved 29 July 2013.
  2. ^ Vienna Convention on the Police of Treaties 1969, International Law Commission, Un. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
  3. ^ Convention on the Prevention and Penalty of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents 1973, International Police Commission, Un. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
  4. ^ Name * (26 Jan 2020). "Head Of State Vs. Head Of Government: A Guide". The Freeman Online. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  5. ^ "대통령(大統領)" (in Korean). Encyclopedia of Korean Civilization. Retrieved 17 Jan 2022.
  6. ^ "Pirimia". Maori Dictionary . Retrieved 23 January 2020.
  7. ^ Amir, R.; Nachmias, D.; Arian, A. (17 Dec 2001). Executive Governance in Israel. p. 48. ISBN9781403990150.
  8. ^ H.R.H. the Prime Minister Archived 12 Jan 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Mofa.gov.bh (20 February 2013). Retrieved 12 July 2013.

Citations

  • Jean Blondel & Ferdinand Muller-Rommel Cabinets in Western Europe (ISBN 0-333-46209-ii)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_government